[NLP][AI] Differences between the n-gram approach and the neural approach in Large Language Models (LLMs)
Let’s explore the differences between the n-gram approach and the neural approach in Large Language Models (LLMs):
N-gram Approach:
- Definition: N-gram models use statistical and probabilistic techniques to determine the probability of a given sequence of words occurring in a sentence.
 - Basic Idea: An n-gram is a contiguous sequence of n items (usually words) from a given text sample.
 - Assumption: The probability of the next word in a sequence depends only on a fixed-size window of previous words (context).
 - Strengths:
- Simplicity: N-gram models are straightforward and easy to implement.
 - Efficiency: They can handle large datasets efficiently.
 
 - Limitations:
- Local Context: N-grams consider only local context, which may not capture long-range dependencies.
 - Sparsity: As n increases, the number of possible n-grams grows exponentially, leading to data sparsity.
 - Fixed Context Window: The fixed context window may not adapt well to varying sentence structures.
 
 - Common Use: Historically used for language modeling and machine translation.
 
Neural Approach (Neural Language Models):
- Definition: Neural language models are based on neural networks, inspired by biological neural networks.
 - Basic Idea: These models use continuous representations (word embeddings) to make predictions.
 - Architecture: Common architectures include Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and Transformer-based models.
 - Strengths:
- Long Dependencies: Neural models can leverage longer word histories, especially with RNNs or Transformers.
 - Adaptability: They learn complex patterns and adapt to various sentence structures.
 - Parameter Sharing: Parameters can be shared across similar contexts.
 
 - Limitations:
- Complexity: Neural models require more computational resources and training data.
 - Overfitting: Large neural models can overfit if not properly regularized.
 
 - Common Use: Widely used in modern LLMs like GPT-3, BERT, and XLNet.
 
Comparison:
- N-gram models are simple and efficient but lack global context and struggle with sparsity.
 - Neural models capture long dependencies, adapt well, and handle complex patterns, but require more resources.
 - Hybrid Approaches: Some LLMs combine both approaches for better performance.
 
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